Cognitive therapy is an application of the cognitive model of a particular disorder. It is used also for modifying the dysfunctional beliefs and faulty information processing characteristics of each other disorder. If we mention about the past of the cognitive therapy, literature which belongs to Ernst (1985) and Hooga, Dyck, and Ernst (1991) showed that there is a strong support for the ‘negativity hypothesis’ of the cognitive model of depression. And also for anxiety and panic disorders, cognitive model was supported.
Dobson said that in treatment of depression, cognitive therapy was significantly superior to other treatments such as behavior therapy and also cognitive therapy is better than pharmacotherapy in depression.
And according to Hollon and Najovits, cognitive therapy was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy on 1-year and 2-year follow up. The relapse rate of cognitive therapy was 30%, but it is 60% for the pharmacotherapy group.
In generalized anxiety disorder, treatment about 10 weeks with cognitive therapy provided a significant reduction in anxiety. And also controlled trials supported the efficacy of cognitive therapy for GAD.
For panic disorder, Clark said that cognitive therapy is quietly better than behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy’s superiority goes on until the end of 1-year follow up.
Lastly, in eating disorders’ treatment, Fairburn said that cognitive-behavioral therapy with bulimia patients was more effective than both interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
There are two explanations for cognitive model for each of the new disorders. First one is that there is a bias in information processing that produces dysfunctional behavior and excessive distress. Second one is specific beliefs as structures lead to these difficulties. We can order these disorders as drug abuse, bipolar disorder, depression in patients with HIV, avoidant personality disorder, OCD, PTSD, multiple personalities, hypochondriasis, marital problems, schizophrenic delusions and hallucinations.
Recent applications of cognitive therapy to a variety of disorders and problems described in papers and posters at the World Congress of Cognitive Therapy in Toronto in June 1992 illustrates the principles of cognitive therapy and will serve as a stimulus for systematic research: chronic pain, criminal offenders, social phobia, chronic headaches, chronic tic disorders, HIV-related distress, alcoholism, morbid jealousy, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia, schizophrenic disorder, guilt and shame, nicotine addiction, chest pain, organic brain damage, shoplifting, generalized tic disorder, and sexual problems.
Beck A. T., Cognitive Therapy: Past, Present, and Future, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1993. Vol.61. No. 2.194-198
Makaleyi İngilizce'den özetleyen: Burcu Çiftçi
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