Digman, 1997 yılında yaptığı araştırmayla, beş büyük kişilik faktörü arasında ortak faktörlerin olduğunu belirten ilk araştırmacıdır. Bu faktörleri alfa ve beta olarak tanımlamıştır.
Alfa faktörün toplumsallaşma ile ilgili olduğunu ve uyumluluk, duygusal denge ve sorumluluk faktörleriyle ilişkili olduğunu belirtmiştir. Beta faktörünün ise kişisel gelişim olduğunu ve dışa dönüklük ile yeniliğe açıklık faktörleri ile ilişkili olduğunu belirtmiştir.
Bu çalışmada ise beş büyük faktör arasından öne çıkan faktörler ve onların sosyal çekicilik (social desirability) ile olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Sosyal çekicilik puanları yüksek olan katılımcıların, aynı zamanda diğer bütün beş büyük kişilik faktörlerinden de yüksek puan almaları bekleniştir.
Beş büyük faktörü ölçen Uluslar Arası Kişilik Envanteri (IPIP); 2,019 katılımcıya internet üzerinden uygulanıştır. Bu envanter 100 sorudan oluşmakta ve her bir faktör için 20 adet soru bulunaktadır. IPIP’ye göre biri kendini aldatma (self- detection), diğeri etki yönetimi (impression management) olmak üzere iki adet sosyal çekicilik faktörleri oluşturulmuş ve birbirleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Hipotezler ise bu iki faktörün beş büyük faktör arasından öne çıkan toplumsallaşma (alfa) ve kişisel gelişim (beta) faktörleriyle ilişkili olabileceğini öne sürülmüştür. Kişilik testi ve sosyal çekicilik için uygulanan iki envanterin sonucunda, 196 katılıcıdan gelen sonuçlara göre, alfa ve beta faktörleri ile kendini aldatma ve etki yönetimi faktörleri arasında yüksek bir ilişki görülmüştür.
Digman’ın 1997’de yaptığı çalışmada, faktör analizi sırasında maddeleri değil faktörleri baz almıştır. Kişiliğin iki öne çıkan faktöre indirgenebileceğini göstermek için, bu faktörlerin domine hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Fakat bu çalışmada bu şekilde olmamış, bir ya da iki öne çıkan faktör, beş faktör modeli yapısında incelenmiştir. Öne çıkan faktörlerin bir olduğu modeller yerine, iki olduğu modellerde özellikli faktörler düşüktür; fakat alfa ve beta faktörleri diğer etmenlerden etkilenmiştir. Örneğin, beta faktörünün sadece dışa dönüklük ve yeniliğe açıklık faktörlerine dayalı olduğu görülmüştür.
Sosyal çekicilik kişiliğin bir bileşeni olarak görülse de, ayırt etmesi zor olan bir faktördür. McCrae ve sosyal çekiciliğin kontrol edilmesinin, kişilik ölçülerinde geçerliliği arttırdığını ortaya koyuşlardır. Fakat diğer bir yandan, beş büyük faktör arasında daha yaygın bir faktöre açıkça yer yoktur.
Referans:
Bäckström M. (2007). Higher-Order Factors in a Five-Factor Personality Inventory and its Relation to Social Desirability. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 63-70.
Makaleyi özetleyen: Merve Feyizoğlu
five factor model etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
five factor model etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
19 Aralık 2010 Pazar
25 Ekim 2010 Pazartesi
Makale Özeti: Personality Structure in Chinese School Children: Is the Five-Factor Model Adequate?
In order to support universality of “Five- Factor Model”, Digman and Inouye (1986) conducted a research by using teachers’ rating scales for school children in a Hawaiian sample. This study was also conducted to test universality of the model with a different sample which was a group of school children in Beijing, China.
There were 493 students who were rated by their teachers. The rating scale which was also used by Digman and Inouyes contained 43 items such as happy, spoken, touchy, jealous, imaginative, socially confident etc. The items translated to Chinese language carefully.
As a result, it was found that, four major factors in this study were strongly correlated with four of the big five factors which are agreeableness, conscientiousness, inquiring intellect and social surgency. The fifth and sixth factors which are emotional stability and ego strength were also evident.
Conscientiousness; all of the scales for the conscientiousness factor from the study of American children loaded on the conscientiousness factor for the Chinese children. It was also found that, the meaning of being conscientiousness in Chinese culture also includes to be more cautious and methodical in choosing course of action. Avoiding rudeness also seems to be conscientiousness as well. It shows as that, there are also some differences between these two cultures in the meaning of conscientiousness.
Social Surgency; is less important in Chinese culture. Being willingness to say something is remained an aspect of social surgency in Chinese culture where as, verbal surgency migrated to inquiring intellect.
Agreeableness; it was the most similar factor between two cultures by the meaning of definition and having importance.
Emotional Stability; it was the most reduced factor in Chinese culture. This suggests that portions of what would be regarded as emotion instability in the west might be regarded as social incompetence in Chinese culture.
Inquiring Intellect; this factor for the Chinese children contained all of the scales for the American children except “adaptable.”
Ego Strength; it was a factor that quite dissimilar from other factors which was found in other researches. It is, generally speaking authoritarian cultures may provide individuals with sensible concerns about things to which they are unwilling to inwardly adapt.
Lastly, the big five factors were easily recognizable among Chinese children as well. However, there are differences found between Chinese and American cultures such as inquiring intellect was more important among Chinese than among American school children.
Zeng Q., & Draper T. W., & Lin C. (2003). Personality Structure in Chinese School Children: Is the Five-Factor Model Adequate? African and Asian Studies, 2, 213-232.
Makaleyi özetleyen: Merve Feyizoğlu
There were 493 students who were rated by their teachers. The rating scale which was also used by Digman and Inouyes contained 43 items such as happy, spoken, touchy, jealous, imaginative, socially confident etc. The items translated to Chinese language carefully.
As a result, it was found that, four major factors in this study were strongly correlated with four of the big five factors which are agreeableness, conscientiousness, inquiring intellect and social surgency. The fifth and sixth factors which are emotional stability and ego strength were also evident.
Conscientiousness; all of the scales for the conscientiousness factor from the study of American children loaded on the conscientiousness factor for the Chinese children. It was also found that, the meaning of being conscientiousness in Chinese culture also includes to be more cautious and methodical in choosing course of action. Avoiding rudeness also seems to be conscientiousness as well. It shows as that, there are also some differences between these two cultures in the meaning of conscientiousness.
Social Surgency; is less important in Chinese culture. Being willingness to say something is remained an aspect of social surgency in Chinese culture where as, verbal surgency migrated to inquiring intellect.
Agreeableness; it was the most similar factor between two cultures by the meaning of definition and having importance.
Emotional Stability; it was the most reduced factor in Chinese culture. This suggests that portions of what would be regarded as emotion instability in the west might be regarded as social incompetence in Chinese culture.
Inquiring Intellect; this factor for the Chinese children contained all of the scales for the American children except “adaptable.”
Ego Strength; it was a factor that quite dissimilar from other factors which was found in other researches. It is, generally speaking authoritarian cultures may provide individuals with sensible concerns about things to which they are unwilling to inwardly adapt.
Lastly, the big five factors were easily recognizable among Chinese children as well. However, there are differences found between Chinese and American cultures such as inquiring intellect was more important among Chinese than among American school children.
Zeng Q., & Draper T. W., & Lin C. (2003). Personality Structure in Chinese School Children: Is the Five-Factor Model Adequate? African and Asian Studies, 2, 213-232.
Makaleyi özetleyen: Merve Feyizoğlu
Makale Özeti: Associations between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Health Behaviors Among College Students
The aim of article is measuring the relationship between five factor model and health behaviors among college students. In order to measure it, students were invited to participate in the survey via an e-mail message in mid-October 2006 in the northeastern United States.
There were 583 college students and they were wanted to complete the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment and the International Personality Item Pool Big Five short-form questionnaire. The ACHA-NCHA survey consists of 240 questions which are assessing the health behaviors such as health education, alcohol and cigarette using, sex behaviors, exercise and mental and physical health. The IPIP survey consists 2,000 items which are measuring personality characteristics.
As a result, it was found that, conscientiousness was most associated item with a health- promoting lifestyle. Participants who were more likely to be high conscientious, also more likely to wear seat bealts , get enough sleep, utilize alcohol and consume fruits and vegetables. Also, highly conscientious participants were less likely to smoke cigarettes, consume alcohol, and being drunk. It can be also said that conscientious individuals may be highly socialized to follow rules such as wearing seat belts and not consuming alcohol before reaching the legal age. We can also interpret that, conscientious individuals are trying to prevent future risk of such as developing cardiovascular disease and cancer by adopting regular exercise and eating fruits and vegetables which means by showing planning behaviors.
Participants high in extraversion were more likely to engage in several deleterious health behaviors which includes increased cigarette smoking, alcohol use. They were also more likely to increased number of sexual partners, and decreased amount of getting enough sleep.
Although it was not found a significant association between neuroticism & agreeableness and health behaviors, it was reported that high in neuroticism smoked more cigarettes and were less likely to get enough sleep to feel rested. And, individuals high in agreeableness reported decreased being drunk, and decreased number of sexual partners increased use of alcohol, and decreased number of sexual partners.
When we look to last item which is openness, it was predicted increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, but it was not found a significant relation between openness and personality characteristics.
Although being extraverted and conscientious were found related with healthy behaviors, it can be concluded that, personality dimensions plays a minimal role in most of the healthy behaviors among college students.
Finally, although earlier studies examined personality traits and health behaviors individually, this is the first study conducted with US college students that examines the complete FFM of personality and a wide range of preventive and risky health behaviors.
Raynor D. A., & Levine H. (2009). Associations between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Health Behaviors Among College Students. Journal of American College Health, 58, 73-81.
Makaleyi İngilizce'den özetleyen: Merve Feyizoğlu
There were 583 college students and they were wanted to complete the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment and the International Personality Item Pool Big Five short-form questionnaire. The ACHA-NCHA survey consists of 240 questions which are assessing the health behaviors such as health education, alcohol and cigarette using, sex behaviors, exercise and mental and physical health. The IPIP survey consists 2,000 items which are measuring personality characteristics.
As a result, it was found that, conscientiousness was most associated item with a health- promoting lifestyle. Participants who were more likely to be high conscientious, also more likely to wear seat bealts , get enough sleep, utilize alcohol and consume fruits and vegetables. Also, highly conscientious participants were less likely to smoke cigarettes, consume alcohol, and being drunk. It can be also said that conscientious individuals may be highly socialized to follow rules such as wearing seat belts and not consuming alcohol before reaching the legal age. We can also interpret that, conscientious individuals are trying to prevent future risk of such as developing cardiovascular disease and cancer by adopting regular exercise and eating fruits and vegetables which means by showing planning behaviors.
Participants high in extraversion were more likely to engage in several deleterious health behaviors which includes increased cigarette smoking, alcohol use. They were also more likely to increased number of sexual partners, and decreased amount of getting enough sleep.
Although it was not found a significant association between neuroticism & agreeableness and health behaviors, it was reported that high in neuroticism smoked more cigarettes and were less likely to get enough sleep to feel rested. And, individuals high in agreeableness reported decreased being drunk, and decreased number of sexual partners increased use of alcohol, and decreased number of sexual partners.
When we look to last item which is openness, it was predicted increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, but it was not found a significant relation between openness and personality characteristics.
Although being extraverted and conscientious were found related with healthy behaviors, it can be concluded that, personality dimensions plays a minimal role in most of the healthy behaviors among college students.
Finally, although earlier studies examined personality traits and health behaviors individually, this is the first study conducted with US college students that examines the complete FFM of personality and a wide range of preventive and risky health behaviors.
Raynor D. A., & Levine H. (2009). Associations between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Health Behaviors Among College Students. Journal of American College Health, 58, 73-81.
Makaleyi İngilizce'den özetleyen: Merve Feyizoğlu
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