Viktor Frankl is founder of logotherapy. He was born in 1905- and died in 1997. He developed a new approach in psychology. Frankl focused on meaning of life. He stayed to the Nazis camps for 3 years. During this period he found to observe people. He saw that the person who has meaning in life was achieved to survival. He published 31 books in his life. Freud and Adler were affecting him but then he noticed that their ideas are insufficient. The important point is meaning in life. Logotherapy helps people to find meaning and values. Logotherapy based on three pillars:1-the will to meaning, 2-the meaning of life, 3-the freedom of will.
Foundational Concepts of Logotherapy
The person has three dimensions: the somatic, the mental, and the spiritual. The factors are genetic, related to body, and psychology in the somatic and mental. Logotherapy focuses on spiritual. The source of this dimension is the unconscious. The people have freedom of will. They are free to form their characteristics and all of them are responsible from themselves. Will to meaning is a basic motivational power to form of human behaviors. He can find by individual’s owns. The human beings have faculty for living their ideals and values. He noticed that in camps the people who have purposes and meaning in life survival more than the others. The meaning of life change from person to person, from day to day. When the person has not meaning in life they cannot live very much. According to Frankl, the meaning of life can find out in the world not dependent their inside. He called this situation self-transcendence. It is God or spiritual.
Logotherapy’s Philosophical Underpinnings
Frankl are benefit from many areas such as religious and philosophy. Logotherapy based on three pillars: mind, body and soul. But the most important point is spiritual and soul. People have free will for autonomy and dignity. Humans are free to choose what they will do and freedom of will is intrinsic. Alone freedom without responsibility can descend into the chaos of arbitrariness. A freedom is to make a response to restrictions and constraints. The existential of spirituality and the spirit of human life are freedom and responsibility. The people are responsible from to the self. Frankl believed that super-meaning.
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References
Smejda, I., A.(2004). Frankl’s logotherapy and its philosophıcal underpinnings
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