Victor Frankl was born in Vienna on March 26, 1905, as the middle of three children. He was attracted to philosophy and medicine in primary and secondary education. His wife, mother, sister, and brother, together with Frankl were arrested by the Nazis and were sent to death camps. He was able to survive the death camps in 3 years. Frankl’s camp experiences helped shaping new therapeutic approach. After this period of camps, he was founder and leader of a new school of psychotherapy. The people’s struggle to survival in the camp impressed him very much. He noticed that the people who have the meaning of life are survived to achieve even the most difficult conditions. He was influenced by Freud and Adler. Freud emphasized that a will to pleasure and Adler focused on a will to power. He focused on life has meaning and values, the Unconscious God. He said that search for meaning of life is the basic motive of human behavior. People live for their ideals and values. Frankl focuses on the individuals to find meaning in life. Then he countered with them and he founded the ‘Third Vienna School’ so-called Logoterapi. He was interested in neurology and psychiatry, and worked Psychiatry clinic, Psychiatric Hospital in many years. He published two books in these years which names are ‘The Doctor and The Soul’, Man’s Search for Meaning’. He published 32 books, many articles during his life and they have been translated many different languages. According to Frankl, the important key point is conscious. He said that conscious is the capability and self-understanding to search for and find the unique meaning in every situation. It separates the people from other living things. Conscience is giving the original direction for personal integrity. Existential vacuum is other point, which lives people stagnation, boredom. People without meaning to their lives; fall into in existential vacuum very easily. Because they do not have important values in their lives related to them. Under cases such as depression, anger, obsession lies in the existential vacuum. Frankl described it as anticipatory anxiety. Hyper-intention, hyper-reflection, abyss, mass neurotic triad other variations causes in existential vacuum. According to him, people recognize or find meaning with experiential values such as love, creative values such as art, music, and attitudinal values such as compassion, bravery. Out of these prepositions, he focused God and spirit. People are basically dealing with something other than their own and there is a tendency toward something (God and spirit). He called it transcendence or supra meaning. Logoterapi focuses on discovering and fulfilling the goal of our existence. In order to be meaning-centered therapy and in search of meaning provides spiritual issues. He interested in religion. His first therapy technique is Paradoxical Intention. It have showed that an effective therapeutic technique in hyper-intention and phobias. He uses for facing people the feared situation. The other technique is de-reflection. Individuals must forget himself in this technique. The distribution of the focus of thoughts is important.
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References
Boeree , C. ,G. Victor Frankl personality theories. Copyright 1998, 2002, 2006
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